DNase I，即Deoxyribonuclease I，中文名称为脱氧核糖核酸酶I，是一种可以消化单链或双链DNA产生单脱氧核苷酸或单链或双链的寡脱氧核苷酸的核酸内切酶。DNase I水解单链或双链DNA后的产物，5'端为磷酸基团，3'端为羟基。DNase I活性依赖于钙离子，并能被镁离子或二价锰离子激活。镁离子存在条件下，DNase I可随机剪切双链DNA的任意位点；二价锰离子存在条件下，DNase I可在同一位点剪切DNA双链，形成平末端，或1-2个核苷酸突出的粘末端。

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