Intra-Assay Precision | Inter-Assay Precision | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Mean | 65 | 232 | 593 | 63 | 246 | 656 |
Standard Deviation | 3.3 | 5.1 | 12.5 | 6.1 | 23.6 | 57.6 |
CV% | 5.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 8.8 |
The recovery of rat TNF-alpha spiked to three levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.
Sample Type | Average % Recovery | Range % |
---|---|---|
Cell Culture Supernates (n=6) | 101 | 93-119 |
EDTA Plasma (n=5) | 96 | 88-104 |
Heparin Plasma (n=4) | 80 | 73-84 |
Serum (n=8) | 93 | 83-105 |
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-α is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types. Human TNF-α consists of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, human TNF-α shares 97% aa sequence identity with rhesus and 71% - 92% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat TNF-α. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer. Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.
Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-α by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-α. TNF-α trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. TNF-α regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis. It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. TNF-α is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders. It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.
温馨提示:因厂家更改产品包装、产地或者更换随机附件等没有任何提前通知,且每位咨询者购买情况、提问时间等不同,为此以下回复仅对提问者3天内有效,其他网友仅供参考!若由此给您带来不便请多多谅解,谢谢!
服务热线
0771-3293894