Despite the well-characterized factors and protocols used to differentiate mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) into osteocytes, differentiation efficiencies can vary depending on the quality of the MSC starting population and the reagents used to expand and differentiate MSCs.
The term ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ is commonly used to describe a heterogeneous population of cultured cells that are adherent to plastic, have a distinct morphology, and express a specific set of marker proteins. Within this heterogeneous population are cells referred to as ‘mesenchymal stem cells.’
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent, self-renewing cells that have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts when cultured in vitro.
This media supplement contains high quality factors to drive mouse/rat MSC differentiation into osteocytes.
Detection of Osteopontin in Mouse MSC-differentiated Osteocytes. Mouse MSCs were cultured for 14 days using the Human/Mouse/Rat StemXVivo® Osteogenic/Adipogenic Base Media (Catalog # ) and Mouse/Rat StemXVivo® Osteogenic Supplement (Catalog # CCM009). Osteocyte differentiation was verified using a Goat Anti-Mouse Osteopontin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # ). The cells were stained using a NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Donkey Anti-Goat Secondary Antibody (Catalog # ) and the nuclei were stained with DAPI. |
Detection of Osteocalcin in Rat MSC-differentiated Osteocytes. Rat MSCs were cultured for 14 days using the Human/Mouse/Rat StemXVivo® Osteogenic/Adipogenic Base Media (Catalog # ) and Mouse/Rat StemXVivo® Osteogenic Supplement (Catalog # CCM009). Osteocyte differentiation was verified using a Mouse Anti-Human Osteocalcin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # ). The cells were stained using a NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Donkey Anti-Mouse Secondary Antibody (Catalog # ; red) and the nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). |
Although mesenchymal stromal cells were once referred to as ‘mesenchymal stem cells’, a change to ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ was proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy in 2006.
The change in nomenclature originates from two important factors:
Data supporting MSC self-renewal and multipotency have been obtained using in vitro conditions, which does not adequately reflect the in vivo environment. The lack of in vivo data has led some researchers to question the validity of the term ‘mesenchymal stem cell’ providing further support for the use of ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ to describe MSCs. While ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ may be the more scientifically accurate term for MSCs, the two terms are often used interchangeably in the literature. R&D Systems recognizes the use of both mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells and uses ‘MSC’ to indicate mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to account for both designations.
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