Kit Summary
Media supplement to induce the differentiation of human MSCs into osteocytes. For use with Human/Mouse/Rat StemXVivo Osteogenic/Adipogenic Base Media (Catalog # ).
Key Benefits
- Supports induction of osteogenesis in human MSCs
- Defined supplement to reduce experimental variation
- Developed and optimized using human MSCs
Why Induce Osteogenesis in MSCs with a Defined Media Supplement?
Despite the well-characterized factors and protocols used to differentiate mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) into osteocytes, differentiation efficiencies can vary depending on the quality of the MSC starting population and the reagents used to expand and differentiate MSCs.
StemXVivo® Osteogenic Supplement:
- Contains high quality differentiation factors to drive reproducible and efficient MSC osteogenesis.
- Is defined to reduce unwanted experimental variability.
- Has been developed and optimized using MSCs.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells or Mesenchymal Stem Cells?
The term ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ is commonly used to describe a heterogeneous population of cultured cells that are adherent to plastic, have a distinct morphology, and express a specific set of marker proteins. Within this heterogeneous population are cells referred to as ‘mesenchymal stem cells.’
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent, self-renewing cells that have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts when cultured in vitro.
Human StemXVivo® Osteogenic Supplement Components
This media supplement contains high quality factors to drive human MSC differentiation into osteocytes.
- This supplement requires media (not included), such as Human/Mouse/Rat StemXVivo® Osteogenic/Adipogenic Base Media (Catalog # ) or equivalent.
- The quantity of osteogenic media supplement supplied is sufficient to make 250 mL of media for differentiation.
Data Examples
| Detection of Osteocalcin in Human MSC-differentiated Osteocytes. Human MSCs were differentiated in vitro for 14 days using Human/Mouse/Rat StemXVivo® Osteogenic/Adipogenic Base Media (Catalog # ) and Human StemXVivo® Osteogenic Supplement (Catalog # CCM008). Osteocyte differentiation was verified using a Mouse Anti-Human Osteocalcin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # ). The cells were stained with a NorthernLights™ (NL)557-conjugated Donkey Anti-Mouse Secondary Antibody (Catalog # ; red), and the nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). |
2006 Proposed Change to MSC Nomenclature
Although mesenchymal stromal cells were once referred to as ‘mesenchymal stem cells’, a change to ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ was proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy in 2006.
The change in nomenclature originates from two important factors:
- Methods used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells yield a heterogeneous population of cells with only a fraction of these cells demonstrating multipotency.
- The absence of direct evidence that mesenchymal stem cells can self-renew and differentiate in vivo.
Use of Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cell Terminology
Data supporting MSC self-renewal and multipotency have been obtained using in vitro conditions, which does not adequately reflect the in vivo environment. The lack of in vivo data has led some researchers to question the validity of the term ‘mesenchymal stem cell’ providing further support for the use of ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ to describe MSCs. While ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ may be the more scientifically accurate term for MSCs, the two terms are often used interchangeably in the literature. R&D Systems recognizes the use of both mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells and uses ‘MSC’ to indicate mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to account for both designations.
Definitions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells – A heterogeneous population of cultured cells with similar characteristics such as the ability to adhere to plastic and the expression of specific marker proteins.
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells – A subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells that have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into mesodermal lineages when cultured in vitro. The capacity to self-renew and differentiate in vivo has yet to be clearly demonstrated for mesenchymal stem cells.
References
- Dominici, M. et al. (2006) Cytotherapy 8:315.
- Keating, A. (2012) Cell Stem Cell 10:709.
The term 'mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) is most commonly used to describe multipotent self-renewing cells that can be differentiated in vitro to generate adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. However, because these biological properties and hierarchical relationships remain to be clearly demonstrated in vivo, the term 'multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells' is often used to distinguish cultured cells from their in vivo precursors. Originally discovered in mouse bone marrow, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells cultured from a variety of species and tissue types, have been shown to differentiate into progeny of additional lineages including, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and neural cells. Again, the physiological relevance of these findings remains to be determined.
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